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LYMANTRIA DISPAR / SPONGY MOTH / BOMBICE DISPARI
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classe: Insecta – ordine: Lepidoptera
famiglia: Erebidae – genere: Lymantria
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È un lepidottero appartenente alla famiglia Erebidae, diffuso in Eurasia, Nordafrica e America Settentrionale
È un polifago delle piante fruttifere (come melo, vite, ecc.) e, soprattutto, delle piante ornamentali e forestali.
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Gli adulti sono caratterizzati da dimorfismo sessuale; i maschi sono color nocciola-brunastro, con apertura alare di circa 40 mm, le femmine sono biancastre con ali variegate di bruno e con dimensioni maggiori (circa 60 mm di apertura alare).
Le larve sono pelose e ricoperte di peli, in genere, non urticanti, di colore grigiastro con una tipica doppia fila di tubercoli dorsali di colore blu verso il capo e rossastro verso la parte posteriore del corpo; a maturità possono raggiungere i 70–80 mm di lunghezza.
I peli di questi bruchi possono risultare urticanti in persone particolarmente sensibili nulla a che vedere però con la processionaria del pino Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) e la processionaria della quercia Thaumetopoea processionea(Linnaeus, 1758) che possono essere pericolose per l’uomo e addirittura mortali per alcuni animali ad esempio i cani che entrando in contatto con le larve presentano eccessiva salivazione vomito per poi peggiorare con perdite del tessuto della lingua.
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Il Bombice dispari sverna da uovo e compie una generazione annuale; gli adulti compaiono in luglio. Il numero e la posizione delle uova di Lymantria dispar sulle piante fornisce un'informazione circa lo stato della gradazione in atto: 600-800 uova fino a 2 metri di altezza indicano una fase di latenza o di iniziata progradazione dell'insetto, viceversa il culmine dell'incremento esplosivo è segnalato da un minor numero di uova, circa 300-500 posizionate fino a 6 metri di altezza.
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È inserita nell'elenco delle 100 tra le specie invasive più dannose al mondo.
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Il suo nome scientifico racchiude significati mitologici e linguistici: "Lymantria"deriva dal greco lymainomai (distruggere), riferendosi ai suoi danni boschivi, mentre "dispar" (diverso in latino) descrive il forte dimorfismo sessuale (maschi e femmine molto differenti), evocando il concetto di "diverso" o "disuguale".
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Christophe Szpajdel (aka Lord of the Logos) was born on 29 September 1970 in Gembloux, Namur, Belgium, and grew up in Louvain-la-Neuve, Walloon Brabant, Belgium. He grew up speaking Polish and French, and eventually learned English, German, Dutch, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish.
Szpajdel began drawing at the age of 3 when he drew a praying mantis while vacationing with his parents in the south of France.
In 1989, Szpajdel enrolled at the Université catholique de Louvain where he studied biology, agronomy and forestry, graduating in 1996 with a degree in Forestry Engineering.
Szpajdel moved from Belgium to England in 2002. Since 2006, he has been residing in Stoke Hill, Exeter, Devon, England, United Kingdom. Although he spends over 30 hours a week drawing, he continues to work a day job as a retail assistant for the Co-op Food convenience store chain around Exeter.​
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During his first year at Université catholique de Louvain, Szpajdel joined Thierry Prince's fanzine Septicore, as a writer and illustrator. Some of his early illustrations were featured on the Morbid Noise various artists compilation cassette tapes that came with the fanzines. Septicore released six issues between 1989 and 1991, though two had already been published at the time that Szpajdel joined the team. During his time working at Septicore, Szpajdel was often credited under the pseudonyms Necromaniac, and later Volvox. A seventh issue of Septicore was in development for release in 1992 but was abandoned before completion.
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Szpajdel's most prolific logos include ones designed for death metal band Disgrace in 1990, black metal band Emperor in 1992, alternative rock band Foo Fighters in 2015, hip hop artist Rihanna (designed especially for her MTV Video Music Awards appearance and following Anti World Tour) and thrash metal band Metallica, both in 2016. He has also illustrated logos for posters of such films as Mandy and Lords of Chaos (both 2018) and The Tell Tale Heart (2020). Since designing his first professional band logo for Belgian death metal band Morbid Death (featuring members that would later play in Enthroned) in 1988, Szpajdel estimates to have drawn over 10,000 logos, mainly within the black metal, death metal and dark ambient music scenes.
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The significant amount of work that Szpajdel has done in the industry has led him to be nicknamed, originally by a fan in 2006, the Lord of the Logos. This sobriquet was reinforced when he authored a book of the same name, Lord of the Logos: Designing the Metal Underground, published in January 2010 through Die Gestalten Verlag (de). The book showcases a selection of 2500 of his illustrations from over the years, accompanied by photographs taken by Szpajdel. Lord of the Logos: Designing the Metal Underground was successful enough for a sequel, titled Archaic Modernism: The Art of Christophe Szpajdel, publication through Heavy Music Artwork on 16 December 2020. When first announced in the 2010s, the second book's title was tentatively titled Ancient Modernism; once it was picked up for publishing by Heavy Music Artwork, it was given a release date for September 2020 but was pushed back by several months.
Szpajdel's illustrations and interviews have also appeared in the books Logos from Hell: A Compendium of Death and Black Metal Logos(2008, re-printed 2015; Doomentia Press), Black Metal: Beyond the Darkness (2012; Black Dog Publishing), Black Metal: Evolution of the Cult (2013, Feral House), Darkadya: The Book of Art From Below Vol. 2 (2016, Darkadya Books) and Arte Arcana (2018; Heavy Music Artwork), and have been featured in such magazine as Metal Maniacs, Metal Hammer, Terrorizer and Vice.
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Szpajdel was also the subject of a documentary, appropriately titled Lord of the Logos, which explores his life and work as cult artist and his decades-long career designing logos for the metal underground. The 12-minute documentary was directed by Luke J. Hagan and had its United Kingdom premiere on 2 December 2016 at the Two Short Nights Film Festival. The documentary had its United States premiere in August 2017 at the San Diego Underground Film Festival, and has most recently been shown again in the United Kingdom at the Homegrown Shorts festival, held at the Curzon Cinema & Arts on 27 March 2019. Szpajdel has also appeared and collaborated with such prominent heavy metal documentaries as Until the Light Takes Us, which was released in 2008 and documents the black metal music scene, and SWR Barroselas Metalfest's The 15th Rebellion of the Steel Warriors, released in 2014.​​​​​​​​
Emperor – logotipo, 1990 Christophe Szpajdel

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